Slope belongs to the left rafter (eave_L → ridge); the right rafter is auto-computed from eave_R
Note: the last segment end = ridge (100%) always; each segment is continuous (start depth = previous segment end depth)
Typical solar panels 12–20 kgf/m² + raceway ~5 kgf/m² (total approx 20–25 kgf/m²)
Steel design = AISC 360 (ASD/LRFD) for all three; region switches load combinations + the seismic method.
PH seismic method
NSCP 2015 — UBC-97 static (verified)
NSCP 2025 — ASCE 7 (⚠ pending official tables)
Enter Ss, S1 for the site's amphoe from มยผ.1301 Table 1.4-1 (g). Bangkok requires site-specific spectra §1.4.5.2.
Seismic zone Z
Zone 4 (Z=0.40) — ส่วนใหญ่ของประเทศ Zone 2 (Z=0.20) — Palawan/Sulu
Soil profile type
SA — หินแข็ง SB — หิน SC — ดินแข็ง SD — ดินปกติ SE — ดินอ่อน
Na/Nv = near-source factors (Zone 4 only, Table 208-4/5). Use 1.0 if fault distance ≥10-15 km.
Ground type (EN 1998)
A — Rock B C D (default) E — Soft
Peninsular ~0.07-0.08 · Sarawak ~0.09 · Sabah ~0.12-0.16
Seismic zone Z
Zone II — 0.10 Zone III — 0.16 Zone IV — 0.24 Zone V — 0.36
Soil type (IS 1893)
I — Rock/hard II — Medium III — Soft
Seismic zone Z
Zone 1 — 0.12 Zone 2 — 0.20 Zone 3 — 0.28 Zone 4 — 0.36
Site class (BNBC)
SA — Rock SB SC (default) SD SE — Soft
Buckling curve (SP16 Table 7)
a — I แกนหลัก/box b — I แกนรอง/เชื่อม c — residual สูง
Steel SFRS → Rd·Ro (Table 4.1.8.9)
Conventional — 1.5/1.3 LD MRF/CBF — 2.0/1.3 Mod CBF — 3.0/1.3 Mod MRF — 3.5/1.5 Ductile EBF — 4.0/1.5 Ductile MRF — 5.0/1.5
Sa from NBCC 2020 site UHS (2%/50yr) · V=S(Ta)·Mv·IE·W/(Rd·Ro)
Hazard Z (Table 3.2) Sydney/Melb/Canberra 0.08 Perth 0.09 Adelaide 0.10 Brisbane 0.05 Darwin 0.03
kp 1/500 — 1.0 1/1000 — 1.3 1/1500 — 1.5
Ch(T) spectral shape (Table 6.4)
Ae strong rock 2.35 Be rock 2.94 Ce shallow 3.68 De deep 3.68 Ee soft 3.68
System Sp/μ (Table 6.5A)
Ordinary MRF (0.385) Intermediate (0.223) Special MRF (0.168) Non-ductile (0.77)
Compression αb (Table 6.3.3)
−1.0 HF RHS/CHS −0.5 CF RHS/CHS 0 HR UB/UC · box +0.5 channel/angle/tee +1.0 welded H/I
🇦🇺 V=[kp ·Z·Ch ·Sp /μ]·Wt (AS 1170.4:2007) · αc ตาม Table 6.3.3
Zone Z (Table 1) Z4 — 0.45 Z3 — 0.35 Z2 — 0.25 Z1 — 0.10
Soil S (Table 3) S0 หินแข็ง S1 หิน/ดินแน่น S2 ปานกลาง S3 อ่อน
Use U (Table 5) A esencial — 1.5 B importante — 1.3 C común — 1.0
R0 steel (Table 7) SMF — 8 EBF — 8 SCBF — 7 IMF — 5 OMF/OCBF — 4
CT (T=hn/CT) 35 pórtico acero 45 arriostrado 60 muros
🇵🇪 V=(Z·U·C·S/R)·P · C/R≥0.11 (E.030:2018 · R=R₀·Ia·Ip กรอก R₀ · Ia/Ip=1 ถ้าปกติ)
Zone Z (Table 1) I — 0.15 II — 0.25 III — 0.30 IV — 0.35 V — 0.40 VI — ≥0.50
η region Costa — 1.80 Sierra — 2.48 Oriente — 2.60
Soil (A–E) A B C D E
R steel Dúctil (SMF/braced/EBF) — 8 Cold-formed (≤2 ชั้น) — 2.5
🇪🇨 V=[I·Sa/(R·φP·φE)]·W · Sa=η·Z·Fa · Ta=Ct·hn α (NEC-SE-DS:2015 · φP·φE=1 ถ้าไม่ irregular)
Zone A0 (Table 6.2) Zona 3 — 0.40g Zona 2 — 0.30g Zona 1 — 0.20g
Soil (Table 6.3) A หินแข็ง B หิน C ตื้น/แน่น D ปานกลาง E อ่อน
Importance I (Table 6.1) IV esencial — 1.2 III — 1.2 II normal — 1.0 I menor — 0.6
R steel (Table 5.1) SMF pórtico especial — 7 STMF/EBF — 6 SCBF — 5.5 IMF — 5 OMF — 4 OCBF — 3
🇨🇱 Q₀=C·I·P · C=2.75·S·(A₀/g)·(T'/T*)ⁿ/R · clamp[S·A₀g/6, Cmax(R)·S·A₀g] (NCh433+DS61 · T*≈0.072H^0.8 เบื้องต้น ต้อง modal)
Aa (Table A.2.3-2) 0.10 (Barranquilla) 0.15 (Bogotá/Medellín) 0.20 (Ibagué) 0.25 (Cali/B.manga) 0.35 (Cúcuta)
Av (Table A.2.3-2) 0.10 0.20 (Bogotá) 0.25 (Cali) 0.30 (Cúcuta) 0.35 (Quibdó)
Soil (Table A.2.4) A B C D E
R0 steel (Título F) SMF DES — 7 EBF/BRB — 6 SCBF DES / IMF DMO — 5 CBF DMI — 4 OMF DMI — 3
Importance I (A.2.5) IV — 1.5 III — 1.25 II — 1.1 I — 1.0
🇨🇴 Sa=2.5·Aa·Fa·I (plateau) → Vdiseño =Sa·W/R · Ta=0.072·hn ^0.8 (NSR-10 Tít.A · R=R₀ ถ้า regular)
Zone (Anexo A) 4 muy elevada (San Juan) 3 elevada (Mendoza) 2 moderada 1 reducida (Bs.As.)
Spectral type (soil) Tipo 1 — SA/SB/SC roca/firme Tipo 2 — SD intermedio Tipo 3 — SE blando
Risk γr (§2.4) Ao esencial — 1.5 A importante — 1.3 B ordinario — 1.0 C menor — 0.8
R steel (Table 5.1) SMF/EBF especial — 7 MF truss/dual — 6 SCBF especial — 5 IMF intermedio — 4.5 OMF/braced conv — 3
🇦🇷 V=C·W · C=2.5·Ca·γr/R (T≤T2) · Sa·γr/R (T>T2) · floor · Ta=0.0724H^0.8 (INPRES-CIRSOC 103 · Ca/Cv Tabla 3.1)
Zone (Fig 2.1) II III (San José) IV (Pacífico)
Site (Table 2.2) S1 roca S2 denso S3 medio/blando S4 muy blando
Ductility μ (Table 4.3) 6 marco a (SMF) 4 dual a 3 marco b/muro a 2 marco d 1.5 OMF/OCBF (máx) 1 otros
SR overstrength (§3.3) 2.0 marco/dual/muro 1.2 voladizo/otros
Importance I (Table 4.1) A/B esencial — 1.25 C/D normal — 1.0 E misc — 0.75
🇨🇷 V=C·W · C=(aef·I·FED)/SR · FED=2.5/√(2μ−1) (plateau) · Tc velocity branch · T=0.12N (CSCR-2010 · aef Tabla 2.3)
Zone Z (Table 4-5) 0.40 (Bharatpur/Hetauda) 0.35 (Kathmandu) 0.30 (Pokhara/Janakpur) 0.25 (Jomsom/Simikot)
Soil (Table 4-1) A แข็ง B ปานกลาง C อ่อน D อ่อนมาก (หุบ กทม.)
Importance I (Table 4-6) III รพ./ฉุกเฉิน — 1.5 II โรงเรียน/ชุมนุม — 1.25 I ทั่วไป — 1.0
Rμ steel (Table 5-2) SMF/EBF/BRB — 4 (Ωu1.5) CBF dual — 3.5 (Ωu1.4) CBF — 3 (Ωu1.3)
🇳🇵 V=Cd·W · Cd=Ch·Z·I/(Rμ·Ωu) · Ch=α (plateau) · T1=1.25·0.085H^0.75 (NBC 105:2020 · ESM Ta=0 · หุบ กทม.=ดิน D)
ag,Fo,Tc* (INGV · zona) L'Aquila ~0.26g (สูง) Napoli ~0.15g (กลาง) Roma ~0.11g (กลาง) Milano ~0.05g (ต่ำ) Sardegna ~0.04g (ต่ำสุด)
Soil (Tab 3.2.II) A roccia B C D E
q behaviour factor (Tab 7.3.II) MRF CD"A" multi — 6.5 MRF CD"A" single — 5.0 MRF/EBF CD"B" / CBF-X — 4.0 CBF-V CD"A" — 2.5 CBF-V CD"B" — 2.0
🇮🇹 Fh=Sd(T1)·W·λ · Sd(η→1/q) · floor 0.2ag · S=SS·ST · TC=CC·Tc* (NTC 2018 · ⚠ T1=0.085H^0.75 EC8-estimate · จริงใช้ 2√d)
PGA S0 (PSHBO-2019) Santa Cruz ~0.20 Cochabamba ~0.16 La Paz/Potosí ~0.13 Tarija ~0.07 Trinidad/Cobija ~0.05
Soil (Table 5-1) S0 roca dura S1 roca S2 rígido S3 medio S4 blando
Importance Ie (Table 3-1) IV esencial — 1.5 III — 1.3 II normal — 1.0
R0 steel (Table 7-1) SMF/EBF — 8 SCBF — 7 IMF — 5 OMF/OCBF — 4 cold-formed — 3
🇧🇴 V=Cs·W · Cs=2.5·Fa·S₀/(R/Ie) · cap 1.5·Fv·S₀/(T·R/Ie) · floor 0.11·Fa·S₀·Ie (GBDS-2020 · ASCE-7 · Ta=0.0724H^0.8)
Hazard Z (Table 3.3) Wellington 0.40 Christchurch 0.30 Auckland/Dunedin 0.13 Otira/Arthur's 0.60
Soil (Table 3.1) A/B rock C shallow D deep/soft E very soft
Return factor R (Table 3.5) IL2 1/500 — 1.0 IL3 1/1000 — 1.3 IL4 1/2500 — 1.8 IL1 1/250 — 0.75
Ductility μ (NZS 3404) Ductile MRF/EBF — 4 CBF ductile — 3 Limited-ductile — 2 Nominally-ductile — 1.25
🇳🇿 V=Cd·W · Cd=Ch·Z·R·N·Sp/kμ · Sp=1.3−0.3μ (≥0.7) · Z·R≤0.7 · floor (Z/20+0.02)R (NZS 1170.5 · ESM T1≥0.4)
ab basic accel (Anejo 1) 0.24g Granada (alta) 0.16g Málaga/Murcia 0.12g moderada 0.08g Alicante 0.04g mínima
Soil (Table 2.1) I roca (C1.0) II (C1.3) III (C1.6) IV blando (C2.0)
Risk ρ (§2.2) especial — 1.3 normal — 1.0
Ductility μ (§3.7.3) 4 pórtico dúctil (β0.25) 3 X-braced (β0.33) 2 (β0.50) 1 sin ductilidad (β1.0)
K contribution (Anejo 1) 1.0 (mayoría de España) 1.3 (Cádiz/Huelva SW)
🇪🇸 Cs=(ac/g)·α·β · ac/g=S·ρ·ab · α: T≤TB→2.5 · β=ν/μ (Tabla 3.1 acero) · TB=KC/2.5 · TF=0.11n (NCSE-02)
Zone (Arrêté 2010) 5 forte 3.0 (Antilles) 4 moyenne 1.6 (Nice/Alpes) 3 modérée 1.1 (Alsace) 2 faible 0.7 1 très faible 0.4 (Paris)
Ground (A–E) A rocher B C D E
Importance γI IV — 1.4 III — 1.2 II — 1.0 I — 0.8
q behaviour (EC8 Tab 6.2) DCH MRF — 6.5 DCM MRF/X-braced — 4 V-braced DCM — 2 DCL — 1.5
🇫🇷 Fb=Sd(T1)·W·λ · zone 1-4→Type2, zone 5→Type1 · agr m/s²→g · Ta=0.085H^0.75 (NF EN 1998 · Arrêté 22/10/2010)
agR map (m/s² · 40Hz) Oslo/W-coast 0.55 SE Norway 0.45 interior 0.30 north/low 0.20
Ground (NA table) A berg B C D E
Importance γI IIIb — 1.7 IIIa — 1.25 II — 1.0 I — 0.7
q (NA: DCL/DCM · max DCM) DCL — 1.5 (typisk NO) DCM MRF/X — 4 DCM V-braced — 2
🇳🇴 Fb=Sd·W·λ · ⚠ ag=0.8·agR·γI (agR m/s²·×0.8 map NA.3.2.1) · TD=1.2 ทุก grunn · Ta=0.085H^0.75 (NS-EN 1998)
Zone agd (16.2.1) Z3b 1.6 (Basel/Valais) Z3a 1.3 Z2 1.0 Z1 0.6 (Zürich/Bern/Genève)
Ground (Table 25) A Fels B C D E
Importance γf (Table 26) III — 1.4 II — 1.2 I — 1.0
q (SIA 263) nicht-dissipativ — 1.5 MRF/braced dissipativ — 4 V-braced — 2
🇨🇭 Fd=Sd·W · Sd=2.5·γf·(agd/g)·S/q (plateau) · floor 0.1·γf·agdg · agd m/s²→g · Ta=0.085H^0.75 (SIA 261:2003)
Ground (SG NA · Type 1) A rock B C D soft (Kallang clay) E
Importance γI Special (hospital) — 1.4 Ordinary — 1.0
q behaviour (SG NA) Steel low-diss (DCL) — 2.0 Concrete/generic — 1.5
🇸🇬 Fb=Sd·W·λ · agR=0.175 m/s² (ทั้งเกาะ · far-field Sumatra) · ⚠ บังคับเฉพาะ H>20m + ดิน D/S1 · S1=ต้อง site-specific (BC3:2013 · SS EN 1998)
Lateral system → R
Steel not seismically detailed — R=3
Ordinary steel moment frame — R=3.5
Intermediate steel MRF — R=4.5
Special concentric braced frame — R=6
Special steel moment frame — R=8
Importance factor I (§1.5)
I — Type I/II (normal)
1.25 — Type III
1.5 — Type IV (critical)
⚠ Preliminary ELF only — single-story portal, roof mass at eave, no accidental torsion (plane frame). Must be verified by a licensed engineer.